The specification of MathML seems to contain two distinct languages: Presentation MathML and Content MathML. Not to put too fine a point on it, Presentation MathML is intended for marking up the look of expressions, while Content MathML is intended for marking up the meaning of expressions.
This page is a handy list of the elements in the latter. The list is based on MathML 2.0 elements. It also includes new elements in MathML 3.0. The deprecated elements ( reln
, fn
, declare
) are excluded.
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
cn |
number |
|
ci |
identifier |
|
csymbol |
externally-defined symbol |
|
cs |
MathML 3.0string literal |
|
cbytes |
MathML 3.0base64-encoded byte stream | |
cerror |
MathML 3.0to define a symbol that indicates an error (such as "division by zero") |
|
sep |
separates a string. used to mark up e-notations, rational numbers, complex numbers, etc. |
|
apply |
apply a function |
|
bind |
MathML 3.0binding |
|
bvar |
bound variables |
|
interval |
intervals. left/right - open/closed |
|
condition |
a boolean valued expression. e.g., to use with logical quantifiers, to define sets, etc. |
|
domainofapplication |
a domain of application. more general than interval or condition . |
|
share |
MathML 3.0to share and reuse XML sub trees |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
and |
boolean "and" |
|
or |
boolean "or" |
|
xor |
boolean "exclusive or" |
|
not |
boolean "not" |
|
implies |
boolean relational operator "implies" |
|
equivalent |
logically equivalent |
|
forall |
universal quantifier |
|
exists |
existential quantifier |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
set |
a set |
|
list |
a list |
|
in |
membership relation. denote that the given element belongs to the given set. |
|
notin |
negated membership relation. |
|
subset |
subset relation. denote that the first is a subset of the second. |
|
notsubset |
negated subset relation. denote that the first is NOT a subset of the second. |
|
prsubset |
proper subset relation. denote that the first is a proper subset of the second. |
|
notprsubset |
negated proper subset relation. denote that the first is NOT a proper subset of the second. |
|
union |
union of sets |
|
intersect |
intersection of sets |
|
setdiff |
set difference operator |
|
cartesianproduct |
Cartesian product operator |
|
card |
cardinality function |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
plus |
addition |
|
minus |
unary minus or subtraction |
|
times |
multiplication |
|
divide |
division |
|
quotient |
quotient |
|
rem |
remainder |
|
power |
exponentiation |
|
root |
n-th root, specified by degree |
|
factorial |
factorial |
|
gcd |
greatest common divisor |
|
lcm |
lowest common multiple |
|
abs |
absolute Value |
|
conjugate |
complex conjugate |
|
real |
the real part of a complex number |
|
imaginary |
the imaginary part of a complex number |
|
arg |
the argument of a complex number |
|
floor |
round-down (towards negative infinity) |
|
ceiling |
round-up (towards positive infinity) |
|
max |
maximum |
|
min |
minimum |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
eq |
equal to |
|
neq |
not equal to |
|
gt |
greater than |
|
lt |
less than |
|
geq |
greater than or equal to |
|
leq |
less than or equal to |
|
approx |
approximately equal |
|
factorof |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
sum |
summation |
|
product |
product |
|
limit |
a limit of a sequence |
|
tendsto |
tending to a specified value. "as x tends to y". used with limit . a binary relation. |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
diff |
differentiation |
|
partialdiff |
partial differentiation |
|
degree |
"degree" or "order" of an operation. often used in derivatives and moments. |
|
int |
definite or indefinite integral |
|
lowlimit |
lower limit |
|
uplimit |
upper limit |
|
grad |
vector calculus gradient |
|
curl |
vector calculus curl |
|
divergence |
vector calculus divergence |
|
laplacian |
vector calculus laplacian |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
vector |
vector |
|
matrix |
matrix |
|
matrixrow |
a row of a matrix |
|
determinant |
determinant of a matrix |
|
transpose |
transpose of a matrix |
|
selector |
operator for indexing into vectors, matrices, and lists |
|
vectorproduct |
vector product of two vectors |
|
scalarproduct |
scalar product of two vectors |
|
outerproduct |
outer product of two vectors |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
mean |
mean |
|
sdev |
standard deviation |
|
variance |
variance |
|
median |
median |
|
mode |
mode |
|
moment |
moment. use degree for the n in "n-th moment". use momentabout for the p in "moment about p". |
|
momentabout |
the p in "moment about p". |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
exp |
exponential function |
|
ln |
natural logarithm function |
|
log |
a logarithm to a base given by logbase |
|
sin |
sine |
|
cos |
cosine | |
tan |
tangent | |
sec |
secant | |
csc |
cosecant | |
cot |
cotangent | |
sinh |
hyperbolic sine | |
cosh |
hyperbolic cosine | |
tanh |
hyperbolic tangent | |
sech |
hyperbolic secant | |
csch |
hyperbolic cosecant | |
coth |
hyperbolic cotangent | |
arcsin |
inverse sine | |
arccos |
inverse cosine | |
arctan |
inverse tangent | |
arcsec |
inverse secant | |
arccsc |
inverse cosecant | |
arccot |
inverse cotangent | |
arcsinh |
inverse hyperbolic sine | |
arccosh |
inverse hyperbolic cosine | |
arctanh |
inverse hyperbolic tangent | |
arcsech |
inverse hyperbolic secant | |
arccsch |
inverse hyperbolic cosecant | |
arccoth |
inverse hyperbolic cotangent |
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
primes |
the set of all natural prime numbers |
|
naturalnumbers |
the set of all natural numbers |
|
integers |
the set of all integers |
|
rationals |
the set of all rational numbers |
|
reals |
the set of all real numbers |
|
complexes |
the set of all complex numbers |
|
imaginaryi |
imaginary unit, square roots of −1 |
|
emptyset |
the empty set |
|
exponentiale |
the exponential base of the natural logarithms |
|
pi |
the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter |
|
eulergamma |
Euler's gamma |
|
infinity |
infinity |
|
true |
the logical constant for truth |
|
false |
the logical constant for falsehood |
|
notanumber |
the result of an ill-defined floating point operation, also called NaN |
|
Name | Remark | Usage |
---|---|---|
semantics |
a semantic mapping |
|
annotation |
a semantic annotation in a non-XML format |
|
annotation-xml |
a semantic annotation in an XML format |
|
More pragmatic in Probability and Statistics, see:
The language specifications:
Content dictionaries: